A chronic leg ulcer is an open sore or wound on the leg that does not heal after three months of appropriate treatment or remains partially healed after twelve months.
These ulcers can be painful and significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
Globally, improper functioning of the vein valves in the legs (venous insufficiency) is the most common cause of chronic leg ulcer.
In Kenya and Africa at large, poorly treated trauma wounds are the leading cause of chronic leg ulcers.
Around 50% of patients with chronic leg ulcers have underlying medical conditions e.g. Skin cancer, diabetes, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis etc.
Common causes of chronic leg ulcers include:
- Venous Insufficiency: This is the most common cause of leg ulcers. It occurs when the veins in the legs do not efficiently return blood to the heart, leading to pooling of blood in the lower extremities. This increased pressure can damage the skin and cause ulcers.
- Arterial Insufficiency: Reduced blood flow to the legs, often due to peripheral artery disease, can lead to tissue damage and non-healing ulcers.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are at risk for developing ulcers on their legs and feet due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation.
- Pressure Ulcers: These are commonly called bedsores and can also develop on the legs, especially in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility.
- Infections: Chronic infections or cellulitis can lead to the formation of ulcers.
- Trauma: Injuries to the legs, such as cuts, burns, or surgical wounds, may not heal properly, leading to chronic ulcers.
Chronic leg ulcers will commonly present with:
- Worsening pain,
- Discharge with bad smell,
- Wound breakdown without any evidence of healing
- Skin changes around the ulcer
- Impaired limb function.
- Fungal or bacterial super infection
Treatment for chronic leg ulcers depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Wound Care: Keeping the ulcer clean and dressed to promote healing and prevent infection is crucial. NB: At Hello Daktari, we are able to do proper wound care as well as manage other acute and chronic conditions through our Home Based Care services.
We also do offer online medical consultations, reach out to us on https://hellodaktari.co.ke and book an appointment with us.
- Compression Therapy: For venous ulcers, compression stockings or bandages can help improve blood flow.
- Management of Underlying Conditions: Treating conditions like diabetes or arterial disease is essential.
- Debridement: Removal of dead or damaged tissue to promote wound healing.
- Medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection is present. Topical creams or ointments may also be used.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical interventions may be necessary to correct underlying vascular problems or remove non-healing tissue.
NB: any wound not healing after 6weeks to 3months of treatment should be referred for biopsy.
Complications of Chronic leg ulcer:
If left untreated, chronic leg ulcers can lead to complications such as:
- Malignant (cancerous) transformations,
- Abscess formation
- Cellulitis,
- Gangrene, which may necessitate amputation.
Regular monitoring, wound care, and addressing underlying causes are essential for managing and preventing chronic leg ulcers.
Book an appointment with us at https://hellodaktari.co.ke for online medical consultations and Home Based Care services.